C# programing introduction

C# Overview: C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. It is part of the .NET framework and is widely used for developing Windows applications, web applications, and other types of software. C# is known for its simplicity, type-safety, and scalability.

Key Features of C#:

1. Object-Oriented: C# is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language, which means it supports concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, and inheritance. This makes it easier to organize and structure your code.

2. Type-Safe: C# is a strongly-typed language, which means that variables must be declared with a specific type, and type checking is done at compile-time. This helps catch errors early in the development process.

3. Managed Code: C# programs are executed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which manages memory, handles exceptions, and provides other services. This makes C# a "managed" language, leading to better memory management and improved security.

4. Syntax Similar to C++/Java: If you're familiar with languages like C++ or Java, you'll find C#'s syntax to be quite similar. This makes it easier for developers to transition between these languages.

5. Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Visual Studio is the primary IDE for C# development. It offers a rich set of tools for coding, debugging, and designing graphical user interfaces.

6. Cross-Language Integration: C# can be used in conjunction with other languages that target the .NET framework, allowing for seamless integration of components written in different languages.

5. Basic Structure of a C# Program:

   A simple C# program typically consists of the following components:

   csharp

   using System;
   
   class HelloWorld
   {
       static void Main()
       {
           Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
       }
   }

   • using System;: This statement includes the System namespace, which contains fundamental classes and base types.

   • class HelloWorld: Defines a class named HelloWorld.

   • static void Main(): This is the entry point of the program. Execution starts from here.

   • Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");: Outputs the string "Hello, World!" to the console.

   Compiling and Running a C# Program:

   1. Write your C# code in a text editor or an integrated development environment (IDE) like Visual Studio.

   2. Save the file with a .cs extension.

   3. Open a command prompt or terminal and navigate to the directory containing your C# file.

   4. Compile the program using the C# compiler (csc):

6. csc HelloWorld.cs

7. Run the compiled program:

5. HelloWorld.exe

C#  programing introduction